Fish Consumption and Decreased Macular Degeneration

Perhaps you know someone with macular degeneration. This occurs where there is damage or breakdown of the macula, that area in the back of the eye that controls vision in the center of your field of vision. Macular degeneration may be caused by injury or aging; and while it does not always progress to total blindness, patients with macular degeneration require special optical aids to enlarge distant and near objects. In the elderly, this is known as Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

AMD has become the major cause of blindness and poor vision in adults in western countries and the third cause of global blindness, according to a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

There are two types of AMD, wet and dry. Of the two, wet AMD is the main cause of vision loss. A team of researchers across seven European countries and co-ordinated by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine sought to investigate the association between fish intake and omega 3 fatty acids with wet AMD. Participants were interviewed about their dietary habits including how much fish they ate and what type. Information on the main omega 3 fatty acids, DHA and EPA was obtained by linking dietary data with food composition tables.

The findings show that people who habitually consume oily fish at least once a week compared with less than once a week are 50% less likely to have wet AMD. There was no benefit from consumption of non-oily white fish. There was a strong inverse association between levels of DHA and EPA and wet AMD. People in the top 25% of DHA and EPA levels (300 mg per day and above) were 70% less likely to have wet AMD.

Prof. Astrid Fletcher, Professor of Epidemiology (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) led the study. She commented: "This is the first study in Europeans to show a beneficial association on wet AMD from the consumption of oily fish and is consistent with results from studies in the USA and Australia. Two 3oz servings a week of oily fish, such as salmon, tuna or mackerel, provides about 500 mg of DHA and EPA per day."

The research team did not investigate whether supplements would have the same benefit as dietary sources.

Dave