DASH Diet Promotes Heart Health

A large study led by investigators at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) demonstrates that women who followed the DASH diet significantly reduced their risk of developing heart failure. The DASH diet was initially developed to help patients lower their blood pressure, but it now appears it has led to other positive outcomes.

This study was published in a recent issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine-- the findings offer still more evidence that a diet high in plant foods and low in sugar and saturated fats is good for heart health.

DASH starts out as a good thing, because, as senior author Dr. Emily Levitan says, “High blood pressure is always of concern because it has the potential to lead to major adverse events, including strokes, heart attacks and heart failure.” Levitan is a research fellow in the Cardiovascular Epidemiology. She and her coauthors hypothesized that the DASH diet (short for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) would also reduce a woman’s risk of heart failure through its blood pressure lowering effects as well as its secondary effects on cholesterol and other heart-disease risk factors. The DASH diet, which has been shown to lower blood pressure in randomized clinical studies, is plentiful in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products and whole grains.

“These DASH foods are high in potassium, magnesium, calcium and fiber, moderately high in protein, and low in saturated fat and total fat,” explains Levitan.

A life-threatening condition that develops when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, heart failure (also known as congestive heart failure) is usually caused by existing cardiac conditions, including high blood pressure and coronary artery disease. Heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization among patients 65 and older, and is characterized by such symptoms as fatigue and weakness, difficulty walking, rapid or irregular heartbeat, and persistent cough or wheezing.

In the fall of 1997, 36,019 women aged 48 to 83 completed food frequency questionnaires in Sweden to determine how closely their diets matched the DASH guidelines. Each participant was given a “score” based on their diet’s similarity to the DASH diet.

“We then used records from the Swedish national healthcare system to determine whether the women went on to be hospitalized or to die from heart failure,” explains Levitan. “We compared women with diets most similar to the DASH diet to women with diets that were not similar and found that those women whose diets most closely resembled DASH had the lowest risk of heart failure.”

Of particular note, adds Levitan, a woman’s diet did not have to precisely mimic the DASH diet in order to be of benefit. “Very few of the women we looked at had diets that shared all aspects of the DASH diet,” she adds. “But we found that the closer they were, the lower their risk of heart failure. This suggests that making even moderate adjustments to your diet to include more fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products, and less salt and sugar and less red meat and processed meats, can help improve cardiac health.”

Dave